A seizure is an abnormal electrical activity of the brain. There is usually an altered state of consciousness. The seizure can be mild, moderate or severe. Dogs and cats can have a focal seizure, where just one part of the body is affected or a grand mal seizure where the total body is involved. There is usually a phase of restlessness prior to the onset of the seizure, and then a post-seizure phase of lethargy or disorientation. Seizures are more common in dogs than cats and can occur at any age or with any breed. There are many different causes of seizures. A good history, physical exam and a blood screen can be very helpful in determining the cause. Causes include but are not limited to: idiopathic epilepsy (most common in dogs from 1-5 years old), liver disease (shunts are common in toy breeds), congenital (common in very young animals), toxin exposure, trauma, infection, neoplasia, or nutritional abnormalities. Treatment is aimed at correcting the underlying cause, if one is found. If epilepsy is diagnosed, we discuss the pros vs cons of medical treatment and the criteria for starting treatment, as medical management of seizures is chronic and life-long. If your pet has a seizure at home, remain calm as usually it will pass in a few minutes or less. If the seizure is longer, please seek medical attention ASAP, as medications may be needed to control the seizure. Try to provide a safe, quiet environment for your pet and be careful, as your pet may not realize what is going on and may be more apt to bite or act differently than they normally would.
- Dr. Nichola Gaither